Use ~라고 해요 when quoting **nouns** indirectly.
It is often translated as:
| Korean | English |
|---|---|
| 학생이라고 해요. | They said (he/she) is a student. |
| 선생님이라고 해요. | They said (he/she) is a teacher. |
Use ~라고 해요 to report what someone said when the information is a **noun**.
Use ~(으)ㄴ다고 해요 to indirectly quote **verbs or adjectives** in the **present tense**.
It is often translated as:
| Korean | English |
|---|---|
| 간다고 해요. | They said that they are going. |
| 운동한다고 해요. | They said that they exercise. |
Use ~(으)ㄴ다고 해요 to report **present tense verbs** indirectly.
Use ~았/었다고 해요 to indirectly quote speech about the **past**.
It is often translated as:
| Korean | English |
|---|---|
| 갔다고 해요. | They said that they went. |
| 봤다고 해요. | They said that they saw (it). |
Use ~았/었다고 해요 to report **past events** indirectly.
Use ~(으)ㄹ 거라고 해요 to indirectly quote **future statements**.
It is often translated as:
| Korean | English |
|---|---|
| 갈 거라고 해요. | They said that they will go. |
| 할 거라고 해요. | They said that they will do it. |
Use ~(으)ㄹ 거라고 해요 to report **future plans or intentions** indirectly.
Use ~자고 해요 to indirectly report a **suggestion** or a **proposal**.
It is often translated as:
| Korean | English |
|---|---|
| 가자고 해요. | They suggested that we go. |
| 먹자고 해요. | They suggested that we eat. |
Use ~자고 해요 to report **suggestions** indirectly.
Use ~지 말라고 해요 to indirectly report a **negative command**.
It is often translated as:
| Korean | English |
|---|---|
| 가지 말라고 해요. | They told me not to go. |
| 먹지 말라고 해요. | They said not to eat it. |
Use ~지 말라고 해요 to report **negative commands** indirectly.
Use ~느냐고 해요? to indirectly quote a **question**.
It is often translated as:
| Korean | English |
|---|---|
| 왜 왔느냐고 해요? | They asked why (someone) came. |
| 어디에 가느냐고 해요? | They asked where (someone) is going. |
| 밥을 먹느냐고 해요? | They asked if (someone) is eating. |
Use ~느냐고 해요? to indirectly report questions someone asked.
You are welcome to use our free self study materials to prepare for TOPIK exam.